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Quantitative Methods & Risk·Published Statistical Edges

Cointegration & Pair Trades

11 min read

When two random walks share a leash

Cointegration is the statistical property that two non-stationary price series share a stationary linear combination. In plain language: each price wanders, but the spread between them mean-reverts. This is the basis of classical pair trading — short the rich leg, long the cheap leg, capture the spread normalization.

Formula

Z-score of pair spread

z_t = (s_t − μ_s) / σ_s,   where s_t = log(P_A,t) − β · log(P_B,t)